8.48 The Eleventh Five Year Plan envisages overall growth of 6-7 per cent per annum for the sector. In
2010-11, this sector contributed 121.84 million tonnes of milk, 63.02 billion eggs, 42.99 million kg wool,
and 4.83 million tonnes of meat. The Eighteenth Livestock Census (2007) has placed total livestock
population at 529.7 million and total of poultry birds at 648.8 million.
Dairy Sector
8.49 India ranks first in the world in milk production, which went up from 17 million tonnes in 1950-51 to
121.84 million tonnes in 2010-11. The per capita availability of milk has also increased from 112 grams
per day in 1968-69 to 281 grams in 2010-11. However, world average per capita availability was 284 grams per day in 2009-10 compared to 273 grams per day for India.
8.50 The Indian dairy sector acquired substantial growth momentum from the Ninth Plan onwards,
achieving an annual output of 121.84 million tonnes of milk during 2010-11 (Table 8.10). This represents
sustained growth in the availability of milk and milk products for the growing population of the country.
Dairying has become an important secondary source of income for millions of rural families and has
assumed an important role in providing employment and income-generating opportunities. 8.51 The Ministry of
Agriculture is implementing important schemes, namely the Intensive Dairy Development Programme, Strengthening Infrastructure for Quality and Clean Milk Production, and Assistance to Cooperative and Dairy Entrepreneurship Development Scheme, in the dairy sector. A major programme for genetic improvement called the National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB) was also launched in 2000. The NPCBB envisaged genetic upgradation and development of indigenous breeds on priority basis.
8.52 A centrally sponsored scheme for livestock insurance is being implemented in all the states with
the twin objectives of providing protection mechanism to farmers and cattle rearers against any eventual
loss of their animals due to death and to demonstrate the benefit of the insurance of livestock and popularize
it with the ultimate goal of attaining qualitative improvement in livestock and its products. The
scheme benefits farmers and cattle rearers with indigenous/cross-bred milch cattle and buffaloes in
300 selected districts. The benefit of subsidy is to be restricted to two animals per beneficiary per
household. During 2010-11, 8.16 lakh animals (indigenous crossbreed milch cattle and buffalo) were
insured against the target of 6.55 lakh. In 2011-12, ` 30.99 crore had been released up to December
2011 and 29.10 lakh animals were insured from 2006-07 to 2010-11.
Poultry
8.53 The poultry sector encompasses a range of farming systems from highly industrialized and
export-oriented at one end to backyard, small and marginal model (or systems), addressing livelihood
issues at the other end. The per capita availability is around 53 eggs per year in the year 2010-11. Exports
of poultry products were around ` 372 crore in 2009- 10 as per the Agricultural and Processed Food
Products Export Development Authority (APEDA).
8.54 Four regional Central Poultry Development Organizations located at Chandigarh, Bhubaneswar,
Mumbai, and Hessarghatta are focusing on production of stocks suitable for backyard rearing,
training to the farmers to upgrade their technical skills. The Central Poultry Performance Testing
Centre gives valuable information relating to different genetic stock available in the country. The “Poultry
Development” scheme comprising three components, namely Assistance to State Poultry
Farms, Rural Backyard Poultry Development, and Poultry Estates, is being implemented. Further, in
order to encourage entrepreneurship skills of individuals, a central-sector ‘Poultry Venture Capital
Fund’ Scheme is also being implemented on capital subsidy mode since 1 April 2011, covering various
poultry activities.
Livestock health
8.55 Animal wealth in India has increased manifold prompting the animal husbandry sector to adopt
skilled practices. With increased trade activity and extensive cross-breeding programmes, the chances
of ingress of exotic diseases into the country have increased. To ensure disease-free status and be
compatible with the standards laid down by the World Animal Health Organization, many animal health
schemes have been initiated. The Government of India provides financial assistance to states/UTs to
control major livestock diseases and strengthen veterinary services including reporting of animal
diseases through various centrally sponsored schemes. Major achievements include carrying out
81 million vaccinations and maintaining the country’s Rinderpest-free and contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-free status.
8.56 The Ministry of Agriculture is also implementing a World Bank- assisted project on
‘Preparedness, Control and Containment of Avian Influenza’ which envisages surveillance, capacity
building in terms of training and laboratory infrastructure, and logistical support for undertaking
control and containment measures at the time of outbreaks. All avian influenza outbreaks reported in
the country have been effectively controlled. The last outbreak was reported in February, 2012 in Odisha
where Control & Containment operations are being carried out. In the last five occurrences of avian
influenza in the country, the disease has been brought under control within 10 to 15 days’ time
through a robust Action Plan for Prevention, Control and Containment of the disease.
Fisheries
8.57 The fisheries sector contributed 0.7 per cent of total GDP at factor cost and 5.0 per cent of GDP
at factor cost from agriculture, forestry, and fishing in the year 2010-11 (QE). Fish production increased
from 3.8 million tonnes in 1990-91 to 8.29 million tonnes in 2010-11 (Table 8.11). Fishing, aquaculture,
and allied activities are reported to have provided livelihood to over 14 million people in 2010-11, apart
from being a major foreign exchange earner.
Feed and fodder
8.58 Adequate availability of feed and fodder for livestock is very vital for increasing milk production
and sustaining the ongoing genetic improvement programme. Green fodder shortage in the country is
estimated at about 34 per cent. The Ministry of Agriculture has been implementing a modified
centrally sponsored Fodder and Feed Development Scheme since 2010 to supplement the efforts of the
states to improve fodder production. Under the Central Minikit Testing Programme, fodder seed
minikits of high-yielding fodder varieties are distributed free of cost to farmers. During the current
year (2011-12), 12.67 lakh fodder seed minikits have been allotted to states for distribution.
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